{"id":11085,"date":"2025-08-13T10:13:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T08:13:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/?page_id=11085"},"modified":"2025-10-04T12:07:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T10:07:28","slug":"equality-for-women-and-minorities","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/equality-for-women-and-minorities\/","title":{"rendered":"Rovnost \u017een a men\u0161in v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11085\" class=\"elementor elementor-11085\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ce3e8af elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ce3e8af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efa8c8c\" data-id=\"efa8c8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e088aa4 elementor--h-position-center elementor--v-position-middle elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"e088aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;arrows&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;transition_speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Posuvn\u00edk\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-2de4990 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"saudi-arabia-7375729_1280\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-28f126e swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"mecca-66966_1280\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-992da35 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"mecca-1050478_1280\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-1a67a9d swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"prorok-2249759_1280\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-2799f50 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"saudi-arabia-8880043_1280\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-22adf08 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"camel-train-3408458_1280\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u00d6nceki slayt\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Sonraki slayt\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240baa7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240baa7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1afe9e42\" data-id=\"1afe9e42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65bd50ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65bd50ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rovnost \u017een a men\u0161in<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-446540f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"446540f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-312a2d3\" data-id=\"312a2d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-274ae97 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"274ae97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Pr\u016fzkum zem\u011b\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-grow\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-274ae97\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12305\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">Afrika<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12253\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Afrika, cel\u00fd kontinent<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13097\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/dr-congo\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Demokratick\u00e1 republika Kongo<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12414\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/kenya\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Ke\u0148a<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12737\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/madagascar\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Madagaskar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/namibia\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Namibie<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12839\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/rwanda\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Rwanda<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11798\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">Amerika<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12463\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/usa\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">USA<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11791\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/mexico\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Mexiko<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11800\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">Asia<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11794\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/maledives\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Maledivy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11790\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/philippines\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Philppines<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11802\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11797\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">Evropa<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/germany\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">N\u011bmecko<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/greece\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u0158ecko<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11788\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/spain\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u0160pan\u011blsko<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11801\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">Oce\u00e1nie<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11793\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/marshall-islands\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Marshallovy ostrovy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11795\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/tahiti\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Tahiti<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"P\u0159epnout nab\u00eddku\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-274ae97\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12305\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Afrika<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12253\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Afrika, cel\u00fd kontinent<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13097\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/dr-congo\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Demokratick\u00e1 republika Kongo<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12414\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/kenya\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Ke\u0148a<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12737\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/madagascar\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Madagaskar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12148\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/namibia\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Namibie<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12839\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/afrika\/rwanda\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Rwanda<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11798\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Amerika<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12463\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/usa\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">USA<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11791\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/mexico\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mexiko<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11800\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Asia<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11794\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/maledives\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Maledivy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11790\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/philippines\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Philppines<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11802\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11797\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Evropa<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/germany\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">N\u011bmecko<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/greece\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0158ecko<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11788\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/spain\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0160pan\u011blsko<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11801\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Oce\u00e1nie<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11793\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/marshall-islands\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Marshallovy ostrovy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11795\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/tahiti\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Tahiti<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e730ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"6e730ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/\">Domovsk\u00e1 str\u00e1nka<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9db9a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9db9a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/\"><strong>Hlavn\u00ed strana: Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie<\/strong><\/a><\/h2><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/social-and-economic-challenges\/\">1. soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/education-system\/\">2. vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/environmental-initiatives\/\">3. environment\u00e1ln\u00ed iniciativy<\/a><br \/><strong>4. rovnost \u017een a men\u0161in<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/artificial-intelligence-and-robotics\/\">5 Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a robotika<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/religion-and-ethical-values\/\">6 N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a etick\u00e9 hodnoty<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/tax-system-and-zakat\/\">7 Da\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a zak\u00e1t<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/soft-power\/\">8. mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed presti\u017en\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed (Soft Power)<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/integration-and-conflict-management\/\">9. integrace a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/ai-nation-for-public-welfare-oriented-cooperation\/\">10. n\u00e1rod AI pro spolupr\u00e1ci pro spole\u010dn\u00e9 dobro?<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7bb196 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d7bb196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146ff9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"146ff9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wiki-page-header-wrapper\"><div class=\"wiki-page-header-wrapper\"><h1 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Jak se dnes \u017eeny a men\u0161iny v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii skute\u010dn\u011b setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostmi?<\/h1><h2>V\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok, ale struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed diskriminace p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1<\/h2><p>Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie se ocitla v <strong>F\u00e1ze zm\u011bny<\/strong>kter\u00e1 je \u0159\u00edzena Viz\u00ed 2030 a povede k. <strong>Pozoruhodn\u00e1 zlep\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> pro \u017eeny, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny st\u00e1le podl\u00e9haj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fdm omezen\u00edm.<\/p><h3>\u017deny: Dramatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna s pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi omezen\u00edmi<\/h3><h4>\u00dasp\u011bchy na trhu pr\u00e1ce<\/h4><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>\u00da\u010dast \u017een na trhu pr\u00e1ce<\/strong> se v letech 2017 a\u017e 2024 zv\u00fd\u0161il <strong>se v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil<\/strong>. Zat\u00edmco v roce 2017 byla je\u0161t\u011b na \u00farovni 17,4%, v roce 2015 se zv\u00fd\u0161ila na <strong>35,8% v roce 2024<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.talentspring.de\/content\/selbst-saudi-arabien-versteht-allmahlich-ohne-frauen-gehts-nicht-voran\">^1<\/a>. Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie tak ji\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dila p\u016fvodn\u00ed c\u00edl Vize 2030, kter\u00fd \u010dinil 30%.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/ausland\/saudi-arabien-frauen-starten-durch_id_195100244.html\">^3<\/a>.<\/p><p>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00fd je vzestup v oblasti <strong>Vedouc\u00ed pozice<\/strong>: <strong>44% st\u0159edn\u00edch a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch mana\u017eersk\u00fdch pozic<\/strong> jsou nyn\u00ed obsazeny \u017eenami<a href=\"https:\/\/www.talentspring.de\/content\/selbst-saudi-arabien-versteht-allmahlich-ohne-frauen-gehts-nicht-voran\">^2<\/a>. V obrann\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd je tradi\u010dn\u011b mu\u017esk\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm, ji\u017e existuj\u00ed <strong>22% zam\u011bstnanc\u016f \u017een<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cassis.uni-bonn.de\/pdfs\/publikationsverzeichnis-ulrich-schlie-november-2023.pdf\">^4<\/a>.<\/p><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Nezam\u011bstnanost \u017een<\/strong> klesl z 20,5% na 15,4% b\u011bhem \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/ausland\/saudi-arabien-frauen-starten-durch_id_195100244.html\">^3<\/a>. U nezam\u011bstnanosti mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed (15-24 let) je to 22,2%, zat\u00edmco u mlad\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f 10,6%.<a href=\"https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/1409895\/umfrage\/jugendarbeitslosenquote-in-saudi-arabien\/\">^5<\/a>.<\/p><h4>\u00dasp\u011bchy ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4><p>\u017deny nyn\u00ed dominuj\u00ed <strong>Univerzitn\u00ed krajina<\/strong>: <strong>V roce 2020 poprv\u00e9 v\u00edce studentek ne\u017e student\u016f<\/strong> zapsan\u00fdch na sa\u00fadsk\u00fdch univerzit\u00e1ch<a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt-sichten.org\/artikel\/43739\/im-koenigreich-der-widersprueche\">^6<\/a>. V roce 2014 ji\u017e studenti studovali <strong>37% v\u0161ech \u017een ve v\u011bku 18 a\u017e 24 let<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/385843\/umfrage\/anteil-der-studentinnen-und-studenten-in-ausgewaehlten-arabischen-laendern\/\">^7<\/a>.<\/p><p>Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na \u00fasp\u011bch v oblasti <strong>P\u0159edm\u011bty MINT<\/strong>: <strong>41,61 % absolvent\u016f p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd, technologi\u00ed, in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a matematiky tvo\u0159\u00ed \u017eeny.<\/strong> - \u010dtvrt\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b podle \u00fadaj\u016f OECD.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.constructionbriefing.com\/de\/news\/eine-bessere-zukunft-fur-frauen-in-saudi-arabien-schaffen\/8041009.article\">^8<\/a>.<\/p><h4>Podnikatelsk\u00e9 aktivity<\/h4><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Start-up ekosyst\u00e9m<\/strong> se st\u00e1le v\u00edce vyzna\u010duj\u00ed \u017eeny. <strong>95% sa\u00fadsk\u00fdch \u017een<\/strong> maj\u00ed podle Zpr\u00e1vy o \u017een\u00e1ch v Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed 2021\/22 velmi vysok\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed o profesi podnikatele.<a href=\"https:\/\/qantara.de\/artikel\/saudi-arabien-frauen-treiben-start-szene\">^9<\/a>. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka potvrzuje, \u017ee Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie vytvo\u0159ila v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro otev\u0159en\u00ed trhu pr\u00e1ce.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/saudi-arabien-frauen-treiben-start-up-szene-an\/a-68625849\">^10<\/a>.<\/p><h3>P\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed diskriminace<\/h3><h4>Syst\u00e9m opatrovnictv\u00ed nad\u00e1le existuje<\/h4><p>P\u0159es ve\u0161ker\u00fd pokrok <strong>syst\u00e9m opatrovnictv\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f<\/strong> \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem kritiky. Rok 2022 p\u0159ijal <strong>Z\u00e1kon o osobn\u00edm stavu<\/strong> pokra\u010duje v kodifikaci diskriminace \u017een v man\u017eelstv\u00ed, rozvodech a opatrovnictv\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mena-watch.com\/saudi-arabien-vorsitz-un-frauenrechtskommission\/\">^11<\/a>.<\/p><p>\u017deny st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed <strong>Povolen\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00e9ho poru\u010dn\u00edka k uzav\u0159en\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.de\/informieren\/amnesty-report\/saudi-arabien-2024\">^13<\/a>. Zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed v man\u017eelstv\u00ed nen\u00ed trest\u00e1no a soudy \u010dasto rozvody neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/taz.de\/Saudi-Arabien-und-die-Frauenrechte\/!5998877\/\">^15<\/a>.<\/p><h4>Represe proti aktivist\u016fm<\/h4><p>Paradoxn\u011b <strong>Systematick\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed aktivistek za pr\u00e1va \u017een<\/strong>. Loujain al-Hathloul, kter\u00fd bojoval za pr\u00e1vo \u0159\u00eddit, byl zat\u010den a mu\u010den v roce 2018 - v roce, kdy byl zru\u0161en z\u00e1kaz \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.ch\/de\/ueber-amnesty\/publikationen\/magazin-amnesty\/2024-3\/die-doppelzuengigkeit-gegenueber-frauen\">^11<\/a>. V srpnu 2022 byla doktorandka Salma al-Shehab jmenov\u00e1na <strong>34 let odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody<\/strong> odsouzena jen proto, \u017ee retweetovala v\u00fdzvy k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/ausland\/frauenrechte-am-golf-trotz-reformen-bleibt-viel-zu-tun_id_181078779.html\">^16<\/a>.<\/p><h4>Rozd\u00edly ve mzd\u00e1ch podle pohlav\u00ed<\/h4><p>A\u010dkoli pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo zakazuje diskriminaci na z\u00e1klad\u011b pohlav\u00ed v oblasti plat\u016f, <strong>\u017deny st\u00e1le vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e mu\u017ei<\/strong>. Rozd\u00edl se pohybuje mezi 4% ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sektoru a <strong>36% v soukrom\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/ausland\/saudi-arabien-frauen-starten-durch_id_195100244.html\">^3<\/a>.<\/p><h3>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed s kritick\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi<\/h3><h4>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed index genderov\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f<\/h4><p>Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie m\u00e1 <strong>Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed index genderov\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f<\/strong> ze 147. m\u00edsta (2021) na <strong>126. m\u00edsto (2024)<\/strong> vylep\u0161en\u00fd<a href=\"https:\/\/countryeconomy.com\/demography\/global-gender-gap-index\/saudi-arabia\">^17<\/a>. V regionu MENA je to <strong>64,3%<\/strong> na \u010dtvrt\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b za SAE (72,4%).<a href=\"https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/1329909\/umfrage\/laender-in-der-mena-region-nach-dem-gender-gap-index\/\">^18<\/a>.<\/p><p>Hodnocen\u00ed vykazuje jasn\u00e9 nesrovnalosti: Zat\u00edmco <strong>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed<\/strong> dosahuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bod\u016f (po 0,99 bodech). <strong>Politick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast<\/strong> pouze 0,077 bodu<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1614119\/saudi-arabia-gender-gap-index-by-category\/\">^19<\/a>.<\/p><h4>Spory v OSN<\/h4><p>Jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie <strong>P\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Komise OSN pro postaven\u00ed \u017een 2025<\/strong> vyvolal mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pobou\u0159en\u00ed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/ausland\/saudi-arabien-vorsitz-frauenfoerderung-100.html\">^20<\/a>. Amnesty International to ozna\u010dila za \"\u0161ok\" a pouk\u00e1zala na \"propastn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky\" zem\u011b v oblasti pr\u00e1v \u017een.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mena-watch.com\/saudi-arabien-vorsitz-un-frauenrechtskommission\/\">^12<\/a>.<\/p><h2>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny: Systematick\u00e1 marginalizace<\/h2><h3>\u0160\u00edit\u0161t\u00ed muslimov\u00e9<\/h3><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>\u0160\u00editsk\u00e1 men\u0161ina<\/strong> (asi 10-16% populace) trp\u00ed systematickou diskriminac\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/eterna.unibas.ch\/bulletin\/article\/download\/1305\/1537\">^22<\/a>. \u017dij\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ve V\u00fdchodn\u00ed provincii bohat\u00e9 na ropu, ale jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ni st\u00e1tn\u00edmi duchovn\u00edmi. <strong>\"Kac\u00ed\u0159i\" a \"odpadl\u00edci\"<\/strong> ozna\u010den\u00e9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/de\/news\/2017\/09\/26\/saudi-arabien-offizielle-hassreden-gegen-minderheiten\">^24<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hanliv\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy jako \"rafidha\" (pop\u00edra\u010d) a stigmatizuj\u00ed \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 praktiky.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/de\/news\/2017\/09\/26\/saudi-arabien-offizielle-hassreden-gegen-minderheiten\">^24<\/a>. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edsudky proti \u0161\u00edit\u016fm a \u0161\u00edit\u00e9 jsou prakticky vylou\u010deni z vysok\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch funkc\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/de\/news\/2009\/09\/03\/saudi-arabien-gleichbehandlung-fur-schiiten\">^25<\/a>.<\/p><p>Organizace Human Rights Watch zdokumentovala <strong>prudk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> po st\u0159etech mezi \u0161\u00editsk\u00fdmi poutn\u00edky a n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou polici\u00ed v Med\u00edn\u011b v roce 2009.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/de\/news\/2009\/09\/03\/saudi-arabien-gleichbehandlung-fur-schiiten\">^25<\/a>. Soukrom\u00e9 \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 modlitebny byly uzav\u0159eny a n\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci uv\u011bzn\u011bni.<\/p><h3>K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 men\u0161ina<\/h3><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 praktikov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed<\/strong> je zcela zak\u00e1z\u00e1no<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christentum_in_Saudi-Arabien\">^26<\/a>. Z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>2,2 milionu k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f<\/strong> V Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch migrant\u016f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendoors.de\/sites\/default\/files\/country_dossier\/saudi-arabien_wvi_2024_laenderprofil.pdf\">^27<\/a>.<\/p><p>Dr\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch symbol\u016f, jako jsou k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee nebo Bible, je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. <strong>zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pod sankc\u00ed z\u00e1kona<\/strong>. Kostely nebo jin\u00e9 neisl\u00e1msk\u00e9 modlitebny nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt postaveny.<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christentum_in_Saudi-Arabien\">^26<\/a>. <strong>Odpadlictv\u00ed<\/strong> (konverze od isl\u00e1mu) teoreticky hroz\u00ed trest smrti.<\/p><p>V <strong>Sv\u011btov\u00fd index pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed 2024<\/strong> Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie stoj\u00ed <strong>13. m\u00edsto<\/strong> zem\u00ed, kde jsou k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 nejv\u00edce pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendoors.de\/sites\/default\/files\/country_dossier\/saudi-arabien_wvi_2024_laenderprofil.pdf\">^27<\/a>. Sa\u00fadskoarab\u0161t\u00ed konvertit\u00e9 mus\u00ed svou v\u00edru dr\u017eet v naprost\u00e9m utajen\u00ed.<\/p><h3>Lid\u00e9 LGBTQ+<\/h3><p><strong>Homosexualita je spole\u010densk\u00e9 tabu<\/strong> a je potrest\u00e1n odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody, t\u011blesn\u00fdm trestem a a\u017e <strong>Trest smrti<\/strong> potrest\u00e1n<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homosexualit%C3%A4t_in_Saudi-Arabien\">^28<\/a>. Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie je jednou ze \u0161esti zem\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 za homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010diny ud\u011bluj\u00ed trest smrti.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsvd.de\/de\/ct\/1245-LGBT-Rechte-weltweit\">^29<\/a>.<\/p><p>V roce 2007 byli dva mu\u017ei odsouzeni k trest\u016fm <strong>7 000 \u0159as<\/strong> odsouzen\u00ed za homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homosexualit%C3%A4t_in_Saudi-Arabien\">^28<\/a>. V dubnu 2019 bylo v t\u00e9to souvislosti popraveno p\u011bt mu\u017e\u016f.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bamf.de\/SharedDocs\/Anlagen\/DE\/Behoerde\/Informationszentrum\/Laenderreporte\/2024\/laenderreport-65-Saudi-Arabien.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&amp;v=7\">^30<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>LGBT komunity<\/strong> nemohou existovat z d\u016fvodu jejich nez\u00e1konnosti. Isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 policie dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot a nut\u00ed LGBTQ+ lidi do spole\u010densk\u00e9 neviditelnosti.<\/p><h3>Pracovn\u00ed migranti<\/h3><p>O str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>4 miliony lid\u00ed<\/strong> pracuj\u00ed jako dom\u00e1c\u00ed pracovn\u00edci v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii, v\u00fdhradn\u011b migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.de\/pressemitteilung\/saudi-arabien-kenianische-arbeitsmigrantinnen-ausbeutung-rassismus\">^31<\/a>. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch . <strong>Syst\u00e9m Kafala<\/strong> je \u010din\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na jejich zam\u011bstnavatel\u00edch a podporuje systematick\u00fd rasismus.<\/p><p>Amnesty International zdokumentovala 2025 <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> Ke\u0148sk\u00e9 pracovnice v dom\u00e1cnosti: pracuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 16 hodin denn\u011b, nemaj\u00ed volno a nesm\u011bj\u00ed opustit d\u016fm.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.de\/pressemitteilung\/saudi-arabien-kenianische-arbeitsmigrantinnen-ausbeutung-rassismus\">^31<\/a>. Jsou jim zabavov\u00e1ny pasy a \u010dasto nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd plat.<\/p><p>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 mzda se pohybuje kolem <strong>0,45 Euro za hodinu<\/strong>proto\u017ee p\u0159es\u010dasy se nepropl\u00e1cej\u00ed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.at\/presse\/saudi-arabien-arbeitsmigrantinnen-erfahren-schwere-ausbeutung-missbrauch-und-rassismus\/\">^32<\/a>. Prakticky v\u0161echny dotazovan\u00e9 \u017eeny uvedly, \u017ee b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho pobytu <strong>ani jeden den volna<\/strong> m\u00edt.<\/p><h2>Syst\u00e9m zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de: selektivn\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed<\/h2><p>Syst\u00e9m zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de vykazuje <strong>Systematick\u00e1 diskriminace<\/strong> soci\u00e1ln\u011b znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 osoby. Posti\u017eena je zejm\u00e9na \u0161\u00editsk\u00e1 men\u0161ina, zahrani\u010dn\u00ed gastarbeite\u0159i z asijsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, lid\u00e9 naka\u017een\u00ed virem HIV, homosexu\u00e1lov\u00e9 a t\u011blesn\u011b a ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/deutsches-orient-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/DOI-Studie-Gesundheitssystem-in-Saudi-Arabien.pdf\">^33<\/a>.<\/p><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed stigmatizace<\/strong> t\u011bchto skupin vede k nedostatku l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de. Neexistuje otev\u0159en\u00fd diskurz o marginalizovan\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch, a\u010dkoli zaveden\u00fd \"n\u00e1rodn\u00ed dialog\" by zde mohl p\u0159in\u00e9st zlep\u0161en\u00ed.<a href=\"https:\/\/deutsches-orient-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/DOI-Studie-Gesundheitssystem-in-Saudi-Arabien.pdf\">^33<\/a>.<\/p><h2>Znaky nad\u011bje a rozpory<\/h2><h3>Pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj<\/h3><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed summit nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017een Fortune<\/strong> se bude v roce 2025 poprv\u00e9 konat v Rij\u00e1du, co\u017e je d\u016fkazem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed pokroku v oblasti pr\u00e1v \u017een.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presseportal.de\/pm\/179146\/6001043\">^34<\/a>. Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Arabky nyn\u00ed vlastn\u00ed <strong>45% v\u0161ech patent\u016f<\/strong> v zemi.<\/p><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Prvn\u00ed sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e1 astronautka<\/strong> Rayyanah Barnawi pracovala na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici ISS v roce 2023 a stala se symbolem zm\u011bny<a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/ausland\/saudi-arabien-frauen-starten-durch_id_195100244.html\">^3<\/a>. Takov\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jsou vzorem pro mlad\u00e9 \u017eeny.<\/p><h3>Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed rozpory<\/h3><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Modernizace je autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1<\/strong> shora, bez spole\u010densk\u00e9ho diskurzu. Zat\u00edmco \u017eeny l\u00e9taj\u00ed do vesm\u00edru, aktivistky za \u017eensk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va tr\u00e1v\u00ed des\u00edtky let ve v\u011bzen\u00ed<a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/ausland\/frauenrechte-am-golf-trotz-reformen-bleibt-viel-zu-tun_id_181078779.html\">^16<\/a>.<\/p><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>Vize 2030<\/strong> popisuje \u017eeny jako \"velk\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos\", kter\u00fd chce \"pos\u00edlit\".<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.ch\/de\/ueber-amnesty\/publikationen\/magazin-amnesty\/2024-3\">^35<\/a>. Kritici v tom vid\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm <strong>Ekonomick\u00e9 motivy<\/strong> m\u00edsto skute\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1vazku k rovnosti.<\/p><h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br: Mezi pokrokem a repres\u00ed<\/h2><p>Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie proch\u00e1z\u00ed <strong>Bezprecedentn\u00ed transformace<\/strong> z hlediska pr\u00e1v \u017een, co\u017e se projevuje v dramaticky rostouc\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a podnikatelsk\u00e9 aktivit\u011b. Tento pokrok je <strong>skute\u010dn\u00e9 a m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9<\/strong>i kdy\u017e jsou zast\u00edn\u011bny autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi strukturami a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed diskriminac\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pro <strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny<\/strong> situace z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>Kritick\u00e9<\/strong>. \u0160\u00edit\u00e9, k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9, LGBTQ+ lid\u00e9 a migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci jsou systematicky vylu\u010dov\u00e1ni a pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni, co\u017e se navzdory modernizaci spole\u010dnosti nezlep\u0161ilo.<\/p><p>Tato zm\u011bna n\u00e1sleduje po <strong>instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed logika<\/strong>\u017deny jsou podporov\u00e1ny, proto\u017ee zem\u011b pot\u0159ebuje jejich pr\u00e1ci pro vizi 2030. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bna by v\u0161ak zahrnovala tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1va v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch men\u0161in - co\u017e je krok, ke kter\u00e9mu se Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie zat\u00edm neodv\u00e1\u017eila.<\/p><p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <strong>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed<\/strong> \u010del\u00ed dilematu, zda uznat nepopirateln\u00fd pokrok, jeho\u017e bylo dosa\u017eeno v oblasti pr\u00e1v \u017een, a p\u0159itom nep\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Cesta Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie ukazuje, \u017ee i autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st dramatick\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny - ale pouze v oblastech, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jejich strategick\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h1>Dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed z pohledu Gradida<\/h1><p>Anal\u00fdza poskytuje cenn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro projekt Gradido v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch, a to i mimo t\u00e9ma rovnosti \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h3>\u017deny: Mezi pozoruhodn\u00fdm pokrokem a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed diskriminac\u00ed<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Pracovn\u00ed \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><br \/>M\u00edra \u00fa\u010dasti \u017een na trhu pr\u00e1ce se b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobila a nyn\u00ed dosahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 36 %. \u017deny nyn\u00ed dosahuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b tak\u00e9 v \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edch pozic\u00edch a ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti STEM po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. \u017deny utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed sc\u00e9nu za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch podnik\u016f a tento v\u00fdvoj je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n i na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed hranice:<\/strong><br \/>Navzdory t\u00e9to dynamice p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 syst\u00e9m opatrovnictv\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f a \u010detn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Rozd\u00edly v odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed aktivistek st\u00e1le stoj\u00ed v cest\u011b za rovn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h3>Men\u0161iny: P\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed marginalizace a diskriminace<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 men\u0161iny<\/strong> (zejm\u00e9na \u0161\u00edit\u00e9 a k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9) za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zna\u010dnou diskriminaci a n\u011bkdy i otev\u0159en\u00e9 represe. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 praktikov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je de facto zak\u00e1z\u00e1no - s v\u00fdjimkou sunnitsk\u00e9ho isl\u00e1mu.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Lid\u00e9 LGBTQ+<\/strong> jsou posti\u017eeni soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a st\u00e1tn\u00ed repres\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b trestu smrti.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Pracovn\u00ed migranti<\/strong> (zejm\u00e9na pracovn\u00edci v dom\u00e1cnosti) jsou vystaveni masivn\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti a \u010dasto jsou vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1ni; ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy a pr\u00e1va v\u011bt\u0161inou chyb\u00ed.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h3>Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed rozpory a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed<\/h3><p>Obrovsk\u00fd tlak na modernizaci (nap\u0159. v oblasti pr\u00e1v \u017een, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podnik\u016f) je siln\u011b motivov\u00e1n ekonomick\u00fdmi a politick\u00fdmi c\u00edli a prob\u00edh\u00e1 bez dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed liberalizace. \u00dasp\u011bchy jsou skute\u010dn\u00e9, ale nejsou prosty ambivalence: P\u0159esto\u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ekonomick\u00e9 emancipaci a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vzor\u016f, rovnost v mnoha oblastech \u017eivota z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejednotn\u00e1 a politick\u00e9 svobody jsou zna\u010dn\u011b omezen\u00e9.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h3>Nad\u011bje a podn\u011bt pro Gradido<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Vych\u00e1zejte z pozitivn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed:<\/strong><br \/>Gradido m\u016f\u017ee nav\u00e1zat tam, kde ji\u017e pokrok p\u0159inesl ovoce: v oblasti podpory zabezpe\u010den\u00ed \u017eivobyt\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti a rovnosti v praxi.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Empatie a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><br \/>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 uznat existuj\u00edc\u00ed reformy, ale tak\u00e9 m\u00edt odvahu pouk\u00e1zat na p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady a otev\u0159en\u00e9 r\u00e1ny.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Budov\u00e1n\u00ed most\u016f:<\/strong><br \/>Kl\u00ed\u010dem jsou mosty mezi tradic\u00ed a nov\u00fdmi za\u010d\u00e1tky, mezi ekonomickou modernizac\u00ed a skute\u010dn\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm - Gradido m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt impulsem pro \u00fa\u010dast a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech lid\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho dobra a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><p>Tento v\u00fdzkum p\u016fsobiv\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee se toho hodn\u011b d\u011bje a \u017ee je t\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b mnoho ud\u011blat. Ambivalence mezi rychlou modernizac\u00ed a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi kontroln\u00edmi mechanismy je tak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvou pro na\u0161i vd\u011b\u010dnou pozornost a kreativitu.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gleichstellung von Frauen und Minderheiten \u00a0 \u00a0Hauptseite: Saudi-Arabien 1. Soziale und wirtschaftliche Herausforderungen2. Bildungssystem3. Umweltinitiativen4. Gleichstellung von Frauen und Minderheiten5. K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz und Robotik6. Religion und ethische Werte7. Steuersystem und Zakat8. Internationaler Prestigegewinn (Soft Power)9. Integration und Konfliktmanagement10. KI-Nation f\u00fcr gemeinwohlorientiertes Miteinander? Wie erleben Frauen und Minderheiten in Saudi-Arabien heute wirklich Teilhabe und Chancen? Deutliche [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10458,"parent":11034,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11085","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gleichstellung von Frauen und Minderheiten in Saudi-Arabien - Gradido<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sei Teil der Bewegung!Gemeinsam bringen wir Gradido in die Welt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/cs\/countries\/saudi-arabia\/equality-for-women-and-minorities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gleichstellung von Frauen und Minderheiten in Saudi-Arabien - 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