{"id":12674,"date":"2025-11-15T11:12:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T10:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/?page_id=12674"},"modified":"2025-11-15T11:20:16","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T10:20:16","slug":"energiewende-und-transformation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12674\" class=\"elementor elementor-12674\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ce3e8af elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ce3e8af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efa8c8c\" data-id=\"efa8c8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e088aa4 elementor--h-position-center elementor--v-position-middle elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"e088aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;arrows&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;transition_speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slider\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-2de4990 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u0397\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc.\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-28f126e swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u0397\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1: \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-992da35 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Diapositive pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Diapositive suivante\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240baa7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240baa7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1afe9e42\" data-id=\"1afe9e42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65bd50ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65bd50ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2: \u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-446540f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"446540f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-312a2d3\" data-id=\"312a2d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24fa76e elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"24fa76e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"\u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-grow\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-24fa76e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12050\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">\u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12640\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vergleich-der-waehrungssysteme\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12047\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/economic-bionics\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Business bionics<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12046\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/financial-system\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12049\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/basic-income\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12052\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 2050<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12583\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 2050<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12051\"><a class=\"elementor-item\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12048\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/greatcooperation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u039c\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-24fa76e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12050\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12640\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vergleich-der-waehrungssysteme\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12047\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/economic-bionics\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Business bionics<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12046\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/financial-system\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12049\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/basic-income\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12052\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 2050<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12583\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 2050<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12051\"><a class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12048\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/greatcooperation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d066df elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"8d066df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/\">\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9db9a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9db9a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/\">\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1: \u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 2050<\/a><\/h2><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2: \u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7bb196 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d7bb196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146ff9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"146ff9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><em>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Perplexity \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Gradido. \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/em><\/p><h1 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2: \u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf<\/h1><h2>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf Gradido, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd<\/h2><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae: \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">Bitcoin: \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2: \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2;<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u0397 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 Gradido: \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1: \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5: \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: 65-80% \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span data-wiki-page=\"\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/h2><p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd. \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 138-176 TWh\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1), \u03bc\u03b5 1.216 kWh \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae - \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf AI \u03b8\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03c4\u03bf 2025<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 200-900 TWh\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2030<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20% \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 Gradido<\/strong> \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 40-60% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 60-80% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 75-90% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0397 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> Gradido + \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 + AI \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 65-80% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>1 \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae: \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2><p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf (Bitcoin, \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7, \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p><p><strong>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc. \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>2 Bitcoin: \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2><h3>2.1 \u0391\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/h3><p>\u03a4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd:<\/p><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>1.216 kWh \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> (\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2025)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd 2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 Bitcoin \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 <strong>1,5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 VISA<\/strong> \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>138-176 TWh \u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2<\/strong> (2025) - \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd <strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 2020, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac <strong>2,5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>2.2 \u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac<\/h3><p>\u03a4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1:<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>45% \u0386\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>21% \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf <strong>5% \u0386\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>2% \u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac <strong>67% \u039f\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>2.3 \u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3><p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 CO2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 Bitcoin (2020-2021), \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 <strong>2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd - \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd <strong>3,9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03a7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b7 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1).<\/p><h3>2.4 \u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/h3><p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 0,40 \u20ac\/kWh):<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>1.216 kWh \u00d7 0,40 \u20ac = 486 \u20ac<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae Bitcoin<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 0,25 \u20ac\/kWh) \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <strong>300 \u20ac<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>2.5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Ethereum<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 proof-of-stake \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac <strong>99,95%<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Algorand<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf 0,000008 kWh \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae - <strong>150 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03c9\u03c2 Bitcoin<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>3 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2: \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2;<\/h2><h3>3.1 \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (2024-2025)<\/h3><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 Bitcoin:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0395\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1: 138-176 TWh (\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0399\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2: ~10 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 AI:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>2023: (\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd AI): 20-40 TWh<\/p><\/li><li><p>2024: 46-82 TWh<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd: 5-20% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>2-3 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong> \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p><h3>3.2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd<\/h3><p><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2025:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0391\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 AI <strong>23 GW<\/strong> \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 10 GW \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Bitcoin<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf AI \u03b8\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Bitcoin<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>50% \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 20%)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2030:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 AI:<\/strong> 200-900 TWh \u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf)<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: 200-400 TWh (35-50% \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf: \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 900 TWh<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong> \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 415 TWh (2024) \u03c3\u03b5 945 TWh (2030)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Bitcoin:<\/strong> \u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf (~150-200 TWh)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc 148 TWh (2023) \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>606 TWh (2030)<\/strong> - \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 Trump \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>500 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong> \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a4\u039d<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>3.3 \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a4\u039d \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1;<\/h3><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u201e\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u201c \u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 = \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 = \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Jevons:<\/strong> \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c0, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c0 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0397 Nvidia A100 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 5x \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 CPUs<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 AI<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>3.4 \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2: AI vs Bitcoin<\/h3><table><tbody><tr><th><p>\u0388\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/th><th><p>Bitcoin<\/p><\/th><th><p>AI<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td><p>2023<\/p><\/td><td><p>150-170 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>20-40 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>Bitcoin 4-8 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>2024<\/p><\/td><td><p>138-176 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>46-82 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>Bitcoin 2-3x \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>2025 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7)<\/p><\/td><td><p>~150-180 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>~100-150 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>2030 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7)<\/p><\/td><td><p>~150-200 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p>200-900 TWh<\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>AI 2-5x \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>3.5 \u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3><p><strong>\u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 Bitcoin:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <strong>90-95% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>126,7 TWh<\/strong> (\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b7\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 <strong>1.000 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac: \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>512 qubits<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: IBM Osprey (433 qubits), D-Wave (512 qubits).<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong> - \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong> \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7. <strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>4 \u0397 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 Gradido: \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h2><h3>4.1 \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9: \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (700 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3. \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.2 Gradido: \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/h3><p><strong>\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 3.000 gradidos (GDD) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf:<\/p><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>1.000 GDD \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> - \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>1,000 GDD \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong> - \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>1,000 GDD \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong> - \u03bc\u03b5 8 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 = <strong>8 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 GDD \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong> resp. <strong>96 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 GDD \u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>50% \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 5,6% \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03b7:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.3 \u0395\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Gradido<\/h3><p><strong>\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><th><p>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2)<\/p><\/td><td><p>2-3% \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>80-90% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>1-2% \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>90-95% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><td><p>15-20% \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>60-70% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/p><\/td><td><p>30-40% \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>50-60% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u0395&amp;\u0391)<\/p><\/td><td><p>10-15% \u0395&amp;\u0391\/\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba<\/p><\/td><td><p>70-80% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1)<\/p><\/td><td><p>25% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>30-40% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7)<\/p><\/td><td><p>2-3% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>60-70% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: 40-60% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><h3>4.4 \u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf \u2192 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03ac\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2192 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2192 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u2192 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.5 \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Gradido<\/h3><p><strong>\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u039d:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>AI \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\/\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>AI \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 1-3% \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 - \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf gradido <strong>\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 40-60%<\/strong>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7!<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>5. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1: \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2><h3>5.1 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 2025<\/h3><p><strong>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> (11 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7):<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> (LER = 0,80, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>44% \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> (\u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac: 60-80% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>5.2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u0395\u0395:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>1,431 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 = <strong>3,7% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: 60-80%<\/strong> \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2:<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>5.3 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1:<\/strong> 10-40 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd:<\/strong> 20-40% \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1:<\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>5.4 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 + \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1: \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd:<\/strong> \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd 20%)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 Gradido:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd:<\/strong> \u039f\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 (20 GDD\/\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>: \u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>6. \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5: \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2><h3>6.1 \u039f\u03b9 \u201e\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9\u201c \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2:<\/strong> ~300 GJ\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd:<\/strong> ~150 GJ\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2):<\/strong> ~20-40 GJ\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 75-90% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af;<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\/\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0395\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>6.2 \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u201e\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u201c:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03b4\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong> \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf 1,7% \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad (\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac 12,8% \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 - 93% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u201e\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u201c.\u201c<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1:<\/strong> \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0399\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> Extremadura (\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae) \u03c6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0391\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac: \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd: \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0395\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf:<\/strong> \u039f\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p><h3>6.3 \u03a4\u03bf Gradido \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3><p><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af:<\/strong><\/p><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (1.000 GDD):<\/strong> \u0386\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 (1.000 GDD):<\/strong> \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf (1,000 GDD):<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u201e\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u201c<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03b4\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 Gradido:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd: \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1.000 GDD \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0388\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1: \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2: \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03b7<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>6.4 \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af: \u0394\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3><p><strong>\u039c\u03b5 permaculture + gradido:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> -60-80% \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0396\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> -50-70% \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\/\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac:<\/strong> -70-90% \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> -40-60% \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> -90% \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: 60-80% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>7 \u0397 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7<\/h2><h3>7.1 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u2192 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u2192 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9<\/h3><p><strong>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\/\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>27% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 C<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>21% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, 29% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>18-69% \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>48% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> (heavy metal)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>50% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1-3 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u039f\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 non-Hodgkin, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u039c\u03a3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u2192 11% \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p><h3>7.2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u2192 \u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9<\/h3><p><strong>\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 Harvard Grant (85\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7):<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u039f \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2!)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 50 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 80 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac:<\/strong> \u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0399\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>7.3 \u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 &amp; \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>35% \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (5\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u201e\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1\u201c (85+ \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u2192 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0399\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03be\u03bf\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/strong> - \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf: \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/strong><\/p><h3>7.4 \u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3><p><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 Gradido:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>7.5 \u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3><p><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u2192 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u2192 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0399\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u2192 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u2192 \u0392\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0388\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1: \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1: \u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>7.6 \u0397 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u0395\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u0392\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (4-7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\/\u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (1,3-1,8 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\/\u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd) \u2192 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0391\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong><\/p><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/strong> \u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u201e\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u201c<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0395\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7) \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 Gradido:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u2192 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u201e\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u201c<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u201e\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u201c \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd: \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u2192 \u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>7.7 \u03a0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7)<\/h3><table><tbody><tr><th><p>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u2192 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/td><td><p>27% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, 48% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u2192 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u2192 \u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 85 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 &amp; \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/td><td><p>35% \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u2705 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u2705 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0395\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>8. \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: 65-80% \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae<\/h2><h3>8.1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae gradido<\/h3><table><tbody><tr><th><p>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>2-3% \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>80-90% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>1-2% \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>90-95% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><td><p>15-20% \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>60-70% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/p><\/td><td><p>30-40% \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>50-60% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/p><\/td><td><p>10-15% \u0395&amp;\u0391\/\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba<\/p><\/td><td><p>70-80% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1)<\/p><\/td><td><p>25% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>30-40% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>2-3% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>60-70% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: 40-60% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><h3>8.2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1960 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2050 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong> 45% \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> 21-29% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>8.3 \u03a3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf 2050: \u201e\u0393\u03b7-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2\u201c<\/h3><table><tbody><tr><th><p>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u03a3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u039c\u03b5 Gradido + \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 + AI<\/p><\/th><th><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,431 PJ (\u0395\u0395)<\/p><\/td><td><p>290-580 PJ<\/p><\/td><td><p>-60-80%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 (\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\/\u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7)<\/p><\/td><td><p>30% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>9-15%<\/p><\/td><td><p>-50-70%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac<\/p><\/td><td><p>25% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>2,5-7,5%<\/p><\/td><td><p>-70-90%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>25% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>10-15%<\/p><\/td><td><p>-40-60%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\/\u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/td><td><p>20% \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/td><td><p>2-6%<\/p><\/td><td><p>-70-90%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><strong>\u03a3\u03a5\u039d\u039f\u039b\u039f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>100%<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>20-35%<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>65-80%<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u039c\u03b5 20-35% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2!<\/strong><\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>9. \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1: \u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/h2><h3>9.1 \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3><p><strong>Gradido + \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 + AI \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf =<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 (\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af)<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0392\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>65-80% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>9.2 \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/h3><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>:<\/p><ol data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u03a4\u03bf Gradido \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<\/strong> \u2192 \u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong> \u2192 \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc<\/strong> \u2192 \u0395\u03c5\u03c6\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf<\/strong> \u2192 \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> \u2192 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong> \u2192 \u038a\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, 60-80% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u2705 <strong>\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> \u2192 75-90% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h3>9.3 \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3><p>\u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c6\u03c4\u03ce\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae, \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p><p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae<\/strong> \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <strong>\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>:<\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u2192 \u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u2192 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2192 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2192 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u2192 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2192 \u0397 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2192 \u0397 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2192 \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>9.4 \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3><p><strong>\u03a6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 1 (2025-2035): \u03a0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 Gradido: -20-30% \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03a4\u039d<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 2 (2035-2045): \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\/\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2: -30-40% \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 AI<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u03a6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 3 (2045-2060): \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae: -40-60% \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>9.5 \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1<\/h3><p><strong>\u039f \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 350 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> (\u03a4\u03bf Gradido \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1, \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> (65-80% \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/strong><\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/h2><h2>\u201e\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2: \u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u201c<\/h2><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf.<\/p><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q1. Bitcoin \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 - \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2><h3>\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Digiconomist \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 Bitcoin (2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/digiconomist.net\/bitcoin-energy-consumption-index\">https:\/\/digiconomist.net\/bitcoin-energy-consumption-index<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 Bitcoin, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae (~1.216 kWh)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Statista: \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 Bitcoin 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/de.statista.com\/\">https:\/\/de.statista.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 138-176 TWh \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Carbon Brief: \u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 Bitcoin<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/\">https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 CO2 (39,8-92,6 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (67%)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>The Verge: \u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Bitcoin \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/theverge.com\/\">https:\/\/theverge.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: AI vs Bitcoin \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 2025-2030<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 2025 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u0395\u0391<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7)<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Ethereum proof-of-stake \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae (2022-2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 99,95% \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0388\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Algorand<\/strong><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 0,000008 kWh \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae (150 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Bitcoin)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q2. \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 - \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2><h3>\u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0395\u039a\u03a4: \u0397 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce (\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/\">https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 46-82 TWh (2024), \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2030 (200-900 TWh)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>McKinsey Global Energy Perspective 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf AI, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1: (\u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/\">https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf Jevons, \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c0 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Goldman Sachs: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goldmansachs.com\/\">https:\/\/www.goldmansachs.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 500 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2030<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>WEF: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 2030 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/\">https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd 415 TWh (2024) \u2192 945 TWh (2030)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Ember Energy: Global Electricity Mid-Year Insights 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ember-energy.org\/\">https:\/\/www.ember-energy.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>311 Institute: \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/311institute.com\/\">https:\/\/311institute.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 90-95% \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae, 512+ qubits \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Deloitte: \u039a\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Bitcoin blockchain (\u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/\">https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q3. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/h2><h3>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Peer Community Journal: Crop productivity of Central European Permaculture (\u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/peercommunityjournal.org\/\">https:\/\/peercommunityjournal.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 44% \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, 60-80% \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Columbia Climate School: \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/\">https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Science Direct: \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395 (2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 1,431 petajoules\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u0395, 3,7% \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 ATTRA: \u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attra.ncat.org\/\">https:\/\/www.attra.ncat.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q4. \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2><h3>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u03a6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7: \u0395\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2019)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (100+ \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>PNAS: \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2021)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/\">https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>PMC\/NIH: \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03ae\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (2005)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>DW: Amazon: \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ac\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0397 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>NASA: \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\">https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 22.000-28.000 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Nature: \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 7500 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 (\u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2021)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>MAAP (Amazon Mining Watch): 2024 (\u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/\">https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 1,7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 2024, \u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 11,08% (\u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/\">https:\/\/www.gov.br\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 5,796 km\u00b2 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 2024-2025, \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Mongabay: \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/\">https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/Zeit.de\">Time.com<\/a>: \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1 (\u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2022)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/\">https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2011)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 95% \u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: \u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac 200 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2><h3>\u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Wikipedia: \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, 11 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 2030<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/Earth.org\">Earth.org<\/a>: \u03a4\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2: \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7; (\u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/earth.org\/\">https:\/\/earth.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 20 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>UNESCO\/UNCCD: \u03a4\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2: \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 COP16 (\u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/\">https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc \u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd: \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025): \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org\/\">https:\/\/thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u039d\u03af\u03b3\u03b7\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u0391\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Pambazuka: \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2011)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pambazuka.org\/\">https:\/\/www.pambazuka.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u039a\u039f, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>White Horse Press: \u201aGrowing a World Wonder\u2018: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/whitehorsepress.blog\/\">https:\/\/whitehorsepress.blog\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2; \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 WINS: (\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/winssolutions.org\/\">https:\/\/winssolutions.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf 15% \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q6. \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2><h3>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>PMC\/NIH: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (\u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 27% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 C, 21% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, 29% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: (\u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2019)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>BBC: \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c2; (\u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Harvard News: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 (\u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/\">https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 Harvard Grant \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 85 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7: \u0397 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 (\u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2011)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/science.org\/\">https:\/\/science.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03bf 35% \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>PMC\/NIH: \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf: \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>WEF: \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae, \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/\">https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Stanford Medicine: \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/med.stanford.edu\/\">https:\/\/med.stanford.edu\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0391\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q7. \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2><h3>\u0393\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Royal Society Publishing: Status competition, inequality, and fertility (\u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2016)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/\">https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: (\u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2015)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039f\u039f\u03a3\u0391: \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd: G\u00f6ttingen: \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-goettingen.de\/\">https:\/\/www.uni-goettingen.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf IFO: \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifo.de\/\">https:\/\/www.ifo.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q8. \u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<\/h2><h3>\u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u038a\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 Ellen MacArthur: \u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org\/\">https:\/\/www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1, 45% \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 CO2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf: \u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1: \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 (\u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/\">https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Brussels Times: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u0395 (\u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/\">https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>IRENA: \u039a\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (2021)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/\">https:\/\/www.irena.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/Degrowth.info\">Degrowth.info<\/a>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1: \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (\u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2019)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.degrowth.info\/\">https:\/\/www.degrowth.info\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1960 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc 3x<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/Earth.org\">Earth.org<\/a>: \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (\u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/earth.org\/\">https:\/\/earth.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 21-29% \u039c\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 BBVA: \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbvaresearch.com\/\">https:\/\/www.bbvaresearch.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Fraunhofer ISI: \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 2050<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/isi.fraunhofer.de\/\">https:\/\/isi.fraunhofer.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Academy of Management Journal: Cooperation vs. Competition (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2015)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aom.org\/\">https:\/\/journals.aom.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd: \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-goettingen.de\/\">https:\/\/www.uni-goettingen.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Science Direct: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2021)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q9 Gradido \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2><h3>\u03a4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 Gradido<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/Gradido.net\">Gradido.net<\/a>: \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/\">https:\/\/www.gradido.net\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 Gradido: \u0395\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/\">https:\/\/www.gradido.net\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Gradido \u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 2050 &amp; 2035<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/\">https:\/\/www.gradido.net\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039f\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/Society4th.org\">Society4th.org<\/a>Gradido - \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 (\u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/society4th.org\/\">https:\/\/society4th.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Akademie Lebensraum: Gradido - \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (\u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2023)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/akademie-lebensraum.de\/\">https:\/\/akademie-lebensraum.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf: Gradido - \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 (\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.menschlichwirtschaften.de\/\">https:\/\/www.menschlichwirtschaften.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7, \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q10. \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2><h3>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>ENTEGA: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.entega.de\/\">https:\/\/www.entega.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac (~39,7 ct\/kWh)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Co2online: 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.co2online.de\/\">https:\/\/www.co2online.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Finanztip: \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 &amp; \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.finanztip.de\/\">https:\/\/www.finanztip.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>BDEW: \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 BDEW \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdew.de\/\">https:\/\/www.bdew.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3>\u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Wattline: 2025<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wattline.energy\/\">https:\/\/www.wattline.energy\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 B2B, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>EHA: \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eha.net\/\">https:\/\/www.eha.net\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q11. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2><h3>\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>WWF: \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wwf.org\/\">https:\/\/www.wwf.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd: \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (\u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2024)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/\">https:\/\/www.wri.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>BMZ\/Rue: \u039f\u03c1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/rue.bmz.de\/\">https:\/\/rue.bmz.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/xn--Regenwald-schtzen-f3b.org\">Rainforest-protect.org<\/a>: \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (\u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2025)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.regenwald-schuetzen.org\/\">https:\/\/www.regenwald-schuetzen.org\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q12. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2><h3>\u0393\u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae online: \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/rechneronline.de\/\">https:\/\/rechneronline.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: 1 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u2248 0,714 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Studyflix: \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf;<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/studyflix.de\/\">https:\/\/studyflix.de\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><h2>Q13. \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf<\/h2><h3>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3><ul data-tight=\"true\"><li><p><strong>Indigenous Climate Hub: \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2021)<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/indigenousclimatehub.ca\/\">https:\/\/indigenousclimatehub.ca\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd: \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong><br \/>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/indigenouscleanenergy.com\/\">https:\/\/indigenouscleanenergy.com\/<\/a><br \/>\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2: \u0392\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u0395\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/p><\/li><\/ul><div><hr \/><\/div><div><hr \/><\/div><p><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Energiewende und Transformation: Der Weg zum Paradies auf Erden Hauptseite: Vision 2050 Unterseiten: Energiewende und Transformation: Der Weg zum Paradies auf Erden Die Inhalte spiegeln die Recherche- und Analyseergebnisse von Perplexity wider und stellen keine Meinungs\u00e4u\u00dferung von Gradido dar. Sie dienen der Information und als Impuls zur weiteren Diskussion. Energiewende und Transformation: Der Weg zum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8453,"parent":12563,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12674","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Energiewende und Transformation - Gradido<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sei Teil der Bewegung!Gemeinsam bringen wir Gradido in die Welt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Energiewende und Transformation - Gradido\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sei Teil der Bewegung!Gemeinsam bringen wir Gradido in die Welt.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gradido\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-15T10:20:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"24 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Energiewende und Transformation - Gradido\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-15T10:12:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-15T10:20:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Sei Teil der Bewegung!Gemeinsam bringen wir Gradido in die Welt.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":640},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/energiewende-und-transformation\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Wohlstand\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Vision 2050\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/what-is-gradido\\\/vision-2050\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Energiewende und Transformation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gradido\",\"description\":\"Die neue W\u00e4hrung hei\u00dft Dankbarkeit\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"el\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Gradido\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"el\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/gradido-social.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/gradido-social.jpg\",\"width\":527,\"height\":273,\"caption\":\"Gradido\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/gradido.net\\\/de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 - Gradido","description":"\u0393\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2! \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Gradido \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/","og_locale":"el_GR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Energiewende und Transformation - Gradido","og_description":"Sei Teil der Bewegung!Gemeinsam bringen wir Gradido in die Welt.","og_url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/","og_site_name":"Gradido","article_modified_time":"2025-11-15T10:20:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":640,"url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2":"24 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/","url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/","name":"\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 - Gradido","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg","datePublished":"2025-11-15T10:12:31+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-15T10:20:16+00:00","description":"\u0393\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2! \u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Gradido \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"el","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"el","@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AdobeStock_623322374-scaled.jpeg","width":2560,"height":640},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/energiewende-und-transformation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Wohlstand","item":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Vision 2050","item":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/what-is-gradido\/vision-2050\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Energiewende und Transformation"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/#website","url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/","name":"Gradido","description":"\u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"el"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/#organization","name":"Gradido","url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"el","@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/gradido-social.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/gradido-social.jpg","width":527,"height":273,"caption":"Gradido"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12674"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12684,"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12674\/revisions\/12684"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12563"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradido.net\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}